Wednesday, 4 June 2014

Assignment 2 Post 1 My Submission (1) Introduction and Project 3

Assignment 2 Introduction

Following discussion with my tutor the assignment will consist of the following components:

·         Project 3: “Experiments in Key”
·         Project 5: “An Impartial View”
·         Project 8: “The Decisive Moment”


The  discussion documents and images for the three projects are presented in three separate posts, starting in this post with Project 3.

Project 3: “Experiments in Key”: Assignment Work
This project calls for the student to produce two distinctly high-key images and two distinctly low-key images, all in black and white.

Because I had agreed with my tutor that all the assignment work should relate directly to the major project (on our deliberate practice of feeding wild birds, and why we do this) I decided to concentrate on images of wild birds and, in particular, water birds that were either attracted to food provided for them by ourselves, or simply present in the areas where birds were fed. Preliminary research involved conducting internet searches, looking for and at high key and low key images of birds and looking for inspiration, appropriate images and subject matter in the many natural history books (including “Wildlife Photographer of the Year” and the “British Wildlife Photography Awards” series) that I possess. Practice involved several visits to lakes and ponds where wild birds are fed, together with the field trips that I carried out in search of images for other project work.

Workflow
I concentrated on photographing birds (e.g. coots, tufted ducks and swans) that were predominantly “monochrome” (either black or white, or a mixture of the two) and looking for lighting conditions (e.g. back-lighting for silhouettes in high key images or dark backgrounds in low sun for low key images) that would be appropriate for the production of suitable images. The work was carried out in March and April 2014 and 50+ “candidate” colour images were produced.

The Raw images were downloaded onto the computer and checked for flaws. Those that were deemed of suitable quality were initially edited using Nikon “View NX2” software, converted into 8-bit “Tiff” files and then converted into black and white using “Photoshop Elements 8”, with the colour (red, green and blue) and contrast sliders being used to produce an effective image. The images were then lightened (for high key images) or darkened (for low key images), using “Levels” (to adjust the histogram) and the brightness, shadows/highlights and contrast settings, to produce the final images.

This process was carried out on around 25 images, from which the very difficult process of selecting two high key and two low key images for submission was carried out: the selected images are described below.

High Key Image 1: “Whooper Swans Landing”

High Key Image 1; Nikon D7000 with 70-300mm zoom; ISO 500, 1/1000s, f/7.1

The photograph was taken mid-afternoon in early March 2014 as three young whooper swans landed a few hundred metres from the main hide at WWT Welney, Norfolk. The swans are fed here every day during the winter time and many whooper swans arrive from the neighbouring fields in order to take advantage of free hand-outs. I was here to photograph the feeding of the swans, but this photograph was one of several that I took of swans landing, in the hope (not realised) that I could produce a sequence for Project 8: “The Decisive Moment”. The middle swan has just touched down, whilst the others are about to. Ideally, I would have preferred the leading swan to have touched down first and for it to be a little closer to the other two (see later post) but I would have had to have cropped the image in “letterbox” style anyway, in order to capture the direction of the birds’ movement and to eliminate messy vegetation at the top and bottom of the screen. Because this image was cropped and subsequently printed in “letterbox” style I have put a thin, black border around it in order to indicate its dimensions.

The photograph was taken more or less into the sun, as can be seen from the birds’ shadows. I saw the potential for producing a high key image, but wanted to retain some detail in the birds’ bodies and to retain some “realism” in the image. Image 1 represents a compromise, but I wonder whether I should have lightened the image further, at the expense of detail. Apart from the birds and their shadows, some detail on the surface of the water and a small number of selected pieces of vegetation at the top right hand corner of the image (a few more items of vegetation were cloned out) are all that can be seen.


 High Key Image 2: “Herring Gull Pair”

High Key Image 2; Nikon D7000 with 70-300mm lens; ISO 500, 1/200s, f/18

These gulls were photographed on a Scarborough beach in early April 2014, on a day of low cloud and mist, whilst I was looking for images for Project 5: “An Impartial View”, which features herring gulls. I was attracted by the symmetry of the gulls’ positioning and the reflections of both sets of tail feathers in the little channel of water in front of them. In post-processing I struggled to decide whether to crop in “portrait” mode, to concentrate mainly on the gulls and their reflections, or in “landscape” mode and, if the latter, whether to place the gulls centrally or to one side. Eventually I chose the symmetrical, “landscape” crop, including a reasonable amount of the smooth, featureless sand on either side of the gulls.

Because the conditions were misty and overcast, converting to black and white made little difference to the appearance of the image. Lightening in post-production to produce a high key image resulted in loss of detail in the sand, whilst the detail in the birds’ wings and tails was maintained. Further lightening of High Key Image 2 as shown caused a loss of resolution between the birds’ heads and the surrounding sand.

Low Key Image 1: “Great Crested Grebe”

Low Key Image 1; Nikon D7000 with 70-300mm lens; ISO 500, 1/500s, f/4.8

The grebe was photographed in Hyde Park, London, in mid-April, whilst I was looking for images for this and other projects. I noticed that a pair of great crested grebes had taken up residence close to a road bridge over the Long Water. Being accustomed to seeing people walking around the lake, these grebes were very confiding and allowed me to photograph them from just a few feet away. I was hoping to get a sequence of the pair displaying for Project 8: “The Decisive Moment”, but failed in this regard despite spending hours watching them. The grebes regularly swam or dived under one of the arches of the bridge and I was therefore able to capture a number of low key images, including Low Key Image 1, with the birds illuminated only by low light coming through from one or both sides of the arch. Because the birds were moving (sometimes at high speeds) I was forced to use a relatively high shutter speed and, on occasion, a high ISO rating. Consequently, this and the other images of the grebes were naturally under-exposed by up to three stops.

In post-production I made adjustments to the image to ensure that the details of the bird’s plumage were clear, despite the muted light, and that there was a little detail (including that of the bird’s reflection) in the water, whilst the bird’s surroundings were rendered essentially black. A few unwanted small items of debris, which were illuminated by the light, were cloned out. I believe that this image works well in colour, as well as black and white, when the orange hues on the bird’s face and neck stand out.

Low Key Image 2: Mute Swan

Low Key Image 2; Nikon D7000 with 70-300mm lens; ISO 640, 1/250s, f/4.5

Mute swans are normally associated with high key images, when the uniform paleness of their plumage can be used to good effect. However, when I made an evening visit to a park in St. Albans in mid-April 2014 I was very attracted to the sight of this swan feeding quietly amongst vegetation in deep shade along a stream. The evening sun was illuminating its plumage, resulting in a sharply defined white profile against an inky black background. The bird was feeding under the surface, occasionally raising its head, when a stream of water would run off from the tip of its bill. To capture motion I was using a fast shutter speed, which resulted in natural under-exposure of around two stops (I was photographing in shutter priority). As a consequence, plenty of detail was visible in the bird’s plumage. I took over 50 photographs of the bird as it fed, with it side-on, front-on and with a diagonal posture. In some exposures the water can be seen dropping from its bill.

Choosing exposures to convert to low key images proved to be very difficult: I liked them all! However, I eventually chose this simple side profile image to use for the project. The image required little post-production work; however, I did darken the shadows slightly to emphasise the subtleties of the feathering. I also ensured that the bird’s bill, the only significant coloured feature in the image, was rendered in a different shade of grey to the rest of the bird’s plumage and that the bulk of the bird’s reflection in the water was clearly visible, to provide a counterpoint to the elegance of its shape.

Conclusions
I expected to find that it would be easier to produce high key images of birds (of which there are many examples in the literature and on the internet) than low key images. In fact the reverse was true, although I was hampered by the lack of snow and ice in early 2014, when this work was carried out (always useful for producing clean, light backgrounds), as well as the misty conditions that are helpful for producing “ethereal” high key images.

This project highlighted for me the importance of lighting and contrast for producing dramatic and/or atmospheric effects. In turn, these effects can be used to emphasise aspects of the characters of the subjects. It is also interesting to note that some subjects (here, swans) can be portrayed in both low key and high key images.

Whilst the high key images worked well and generally looked better in black and white some of the low key images (in particular low key Image 1 of the grebe) actually looked better (in my opinion) in colour.




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